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Apis florea
The dwarf honey bee (or red dwarf honey bee), ''Apis florea'', is one of two species of small, wild honey bees of southern and southeastern Asia. It has a much wider distribution than its sister species, ''Apis andreniformis''.
These two species together comprise the subgenus ''Micrapis'', and are the most primitive of the living species of ''Apis'', reflected in their small colony size, and simple nest construction. The exposed single combs are built on branches of shrubs and small trees. The forager bees do not perform a gravity-oriented waggle dance on the vertical face of the comb to recruit nestmates as in the domesticated ''Apis mellifera'' and other species. Instead, they perform the dance on the horizontal upper surface where the comb wraps around the supporting branch. The dance is a straight run pointing directly to the source of pollen or nectar the forager has been visiting. In all other ''Apis'' species, the comb on which foragers dance is vertical, and the dance is not actually directed towards the food source.
Both the bees were generally identified as ''Apis florea'', and most information collected about these bees is from before the 1990s. However, the distinctiveness of the two species ''A. florea'' and ''A. andreniformis'' was established unequivocally in the 1990s. ''A. florea'' is redder and old workers always have a red first abdomen (younger workers are paler in colour, as is the case in giant honey bees); ''A. andreniformis'' is generally darker and the first abdomen segment is completely black in old bees.
==Taxonomy and Phylogeny==
Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius first identified ''Apis florea'' in 1787, also known as the little or dwarf honey bee for its relatively smaller morphology. ''A. florea'' is a member of the Apis genus, which is Latin for “bee.” It is also of the Apidae family, which is a diverse family of bees including honey bees, orchid bees, bumble bees, stingless bees, cuckoo bees and carpenter bees. The name Florea is a personal name with a Romanian origin.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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